《普通植物病理学》实践教学改革初探

本文介绍了动植物检疫专业普通植物病理学课程实验在内容设置、教学方法和实践环节等方面进行的改革,并对实验教学环节中存在的一些主要问题提出了相应对策及建议。     

改革临床实验教学模式 增强医学生实践能力培养

为探索新的医学教学方式,在临床医学生动物实验教学中,分别采取传统教学和TBL教学法。实验结束后对两组学生进行考核以评价教学效果。结果:实验报告上两组无显著差异,但实验组操作技能考核成绩明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。TBL教学法有利于调动学生的学习积极性,提高了学生的动手能力,并能有效促进学生团队合作精神。     

Demand for animal‐derived food in selected Asian countries: A system‐wide analysis

Food consumption patterns in Asia show a trend away from staples toward high protein food derived from animal and dairy products, fruit and vegetables, fats and oils. Such changes in food consumption patterns are due to rising incomes, urbanization, globalization, and modernization of marketing infrastructure. In this article, we analyze the demand for the animal‐derived food group comprising meat (chicken, beef, pork, and mutton), eggs and fish, and derive income and price elasticities in seven Asian countries using the system‐wide approach. Demand homogeneity and Slutsky symmetry properties were tested and found to be compatible with the data. Our findings reveal that animal‐derived food as a group is a necessity (except in Taiwan) and its demand is price inelastic (except in Taiwan and Sri Lanka). The implied unconditional demand elasticities reveal that, in all countries (except beef in Japan and Taiwan), chicken, beef, pork, mutton, eggs and fish (except in Taiwan) are all necessities and the demand for all types of animal‐derived food in all seven countries are mostly price inelastic. The cross‐price elasticity estimates are mostly found to be positive, meaning that there is a higher degree of substitutability between chicken, beef, pork, mutton, eggs, and fish.     

不同城镇化增长方案下畜产品消费趋势比较分析

[目的]畜产品消费占食物消费比重逐渐上升,中国快速城镇化进程与食物消费结构升级已经形成了历史性的交汇,但测度两者联系的研究不够充裕。文章探究两者之间是否存在内在联系,有助于弥补城镇化和食物消费关联性的文献缺口,也可以在城镇化发展过程中给相关部门提供一定参考。[方法]在统计描述中国畜产品消费历史特征的基础上,通过中国农业产业模型(CASM)对比分析不同城镇化背景下畜产品消费趋势,详细分析城镇化给畜产品消费带来的增长效应和结构效应。[结果]城镇化率越高,畜产品消费量就越多。从消费结构上看,未来脂肪和能量含量较高的猪肉消费比重下降较为明显,而富含蛋白质的牛羊肉、蛋类消费比重稍有增长,蛋白质和微量元素兼重的奶类消费比重上升较为明显。脂肪含量相对较少且环保压力较小的禽类消费增长速度是肉类中最快的,且其增速在未来或将逐渐超过奶类。从城乡角度看,农村居民畜产品增长速度快于城镇,但城镇总体畜产品消费量多于农村。[结论]最后建议优化畜牧业产业布局、标准化流通体系,加快推进农业结构调整,实现粮经饲统筹、农牧渔结合发展;健全畜产品消费可追溯体系,在做好畜产品检验检疫的基础上,准确把握畜产品消费趋势,引导居民合理消费。     

固相萃取-液质联用分析饲料中24种β-受体激动剂类药物

本文建立了饲料中24种极性-中等极性β-受体激动剂类药物的可靠灵敏的检测方法。采用含乙腈-甲酸铵组合沉淀剂和正己烷双相提取净化,下层通过2%甲酸水溶液稀释后,经过混合阳离子交换固相萃取小柱(MCX)进一步净化。通过耐100%水相的反相C18色谱柱保留,UPLC-MS/MS电喷雾正离子模式下分析。结果表明,优化后的前处理方法能充分去除复杂基质的干扰,特异性好,灵敏度高。定量检测限范围在0.11μg/kg之间。基质添加曲线定量的线性良好,在猪饲料中3个添加水平的平均回收率范围在82.2%124.8%之间。添加回收重复性和日间精密度范围分别为0.8%14.9%和2.2%14.6%,均低于20%,符合欧盟2002/657/EC相关规定。     

高校图书馆精准信息服务--以河南科技大学面向河南省畜牧业信息服务为例

近年来,我国城市居民对动物性食品的消费需求不断“上升”,促进了河南省畜牧业的发展。河南作为全国畜牧业大省之一,想要全面提升市场竞争力离不开信息化,加强信息化建设有助于产业竞争力的提升。河南科技大学图书馆依托科技查新,以本校现有资源为基础,不断探究其信息服务模式、服务范围及服务高度等,搭建一套适应畜牧业企业需求的服务体系。     

Animal health inputs,endogenous risk,general infrastructure,technology adoption and industrialized animal agriculture

This paper develops a microeconomic model of concentrated animal feeding operations that admits roles for all of animal health inputs, genetic profile choices and the pertaining economic infrastructure. The basic model emphasizes how time on feed, feed density and biosecurity choices interact, as well as how these choices respond to (i) input prices, and (ii) attributes regarding animal productivity parameters that might be influenced by policy choices such as animal welfare strictures and restraints on use of medication. We show that ostensibly substituting inputs in protecting against animal health risks may in fact be complements, and that the model’s production choices come as a complementary package. We then extend the model to endogenize the choice of animal genetics. A finding is that innovations in general infrastructure encourage herd owners to choose more feed efficient, but less hardy, animals. Higher feed conversion efficiency then induces the use of denser feed rations, accelerated finishing and greater levels of biosecurity actions at farm perimeters. Our theory provides a coherent framework for explaining associations among inputs and outcomes that are linked with confined animal agriculture. It also explains how animal protein supply chain technology adoption and performance can differ according to a region’s state of infrastructure, why responses to a change in infrastructure may be large, and why public sector efforts to reduce production risk may beget private sector effort to do so.     

基于GM模型的四川省畜产品供给预测分析

［目的］分析和预测四川省畜产品的供给现状及预测，有利于保障农产品有效供给，加快推进农业农村经济发展，促使四川由农业大省向农业强省转变。［方法］文章首先对国内外相关研究进行了梳理，然后在分析2007—2016年四川省畜产品现状基础上，总结目前存在的问题，利用灰色系统理论，采用GM（1， 1）模型对未来10年四川省的畜产品供给进行预测。［结果］结果显示该模型的预测精度较高，结果可信。四川省未来10年的畜产品产量总体呈逐年增长态势，但增长速度较缓慢，而且各市区的畜产品产量存在区域差异，肉类总产、猪肉以及禽肉产量都呈上涨趋势，仅有较少市区的牛、羊、兔等草食性动物的产量有所下降。［结论］未来应该从保障产品供给、转变消费观念以及增加科技投入等方面着手，为畜牧业的发展提供方向性借鉴指导，推动畜牧产业结构转型升级，从而稳步推进农业供给侧结构性改革。     

The impact of disability-assistance animals on the psychological health of workplaces: A systematic review

This study presents a systematic review of the impact of disability-assistance animals in the workplace. While the importance of establishing workplace diversity initiatives is widely established, there is little thought as to how organizations can support it beyond legal compliance with anti-discrimination laws. This paper adopts an innovative approach to analysing diversity, combining business, psychology and law literature to identify the positive and negative implications of disability assistance animals in the workplace. The literature review reveals three benefits to having assistance animals in the workplace: it positively affects disability support; it improves the productivity and psychological health of employees; and it increases workplace attractiveness. However, because these positive effects may be moderated by individual preferences, we acknowledge potential negative effects, such as allergies, phobias and disruptions when animals are introduced to a workplace. We conclude by presenting a framework to guide future research, and analysing the practical and theoretical implications of assistance animals in the workplace.